This virus outbreak in June 1998 in Taiwan, is considered the most dangerous, one of the most destructive computer virus. Worldwide the $2000 80 million loss. 

1999 years of Melissa virus (2)

This is a most famous (ncsa), March 26, 1999 outbreak, infected 15%-20% of the commercial PC, give worldwide losses in about three to 600 million dollars.

(3) 2000 years of I love you virus May 3, 2000 in Hong Kong, seems to be the first outbreak is Chinese works. Is a use of Visual Basic script language to write viruses, to bring in the global loss between $100 15 billion.

(4) 2001 years of red code viruses on July 13, 2001, to the global outbreak damage probably is $2.6 billion.

(5) 2003 years of SQL Slammer virus

In the January 25, 2003 outbreak. The virus is the main target Acer Extensa 5560 battery of the Internet server, about 500000 servers be attacked. (6) 2003 years of shock wave virus outbreak in the summer of 2003, several hundreds of thousands of computer is infected, give worldwide losses in 20-$10 billion.

(7) the great promise in F virus on August 19, 2003, for previous outbreaks varieties, and to bring in the global loss of 50 to 10 billion dollars.

(8) 2004 years of the joy of virus on January 18, 2004, to the global outbreak bring tens of millions of dollars more losses.

(9) 2004 years of MyDoom virus

January 26, 2004 at peak times, broke out, to load time slow network more than 50%.

(10) 2004 years of Sasser virus on April 30, 2004, to the global outbreak brought tens of millions of dollars loss.

The transmission way and method of virus copy themselves process is typical of the infection process. The spread of the virus main approaches are:

(1) web page scripts

Use of the characteristics of the network script, loading plug-ins, spreading the virus. Use the plugin is the popularization of the Internet since most common transmission. Because the browser on the support of the plugin, to enable the virus to the code is the hiding place.

(2) file copy and installation

Through the file copies, using the program or batch processing mechanism, is in when the HP NC6100 battery virus spread of DOS mechanism. At present, the disk is not the main file copy of the media, but use the network or CD, with the virus during the execution procedures, when a user performs process in order of time, realize the spread of the virus.

(3) document template

Similar Microsoft Office system of macro mechanism, it is very use to improve the mechanism in the process of making Office document efficiency be value. But because of the macro executable code for the spread of the virus, provides a new way.

(4) network

Here through the website or download documents for the spread of the virus, all is the use the Internet as a way to spread. Through the network and another way is to spread, directly to the Internet and winding network host for active attack, not through the file copying. Also, the virus is self-replicating ability.

(2) why said TCP/IP not safe

TCP/IP is not a security agreement system. In fact, we have not a safety network and agreement, all the security of the system seems to be on the Internet is in repairing the loophole.

There is a very common information, known as the “destination attack means not to attack strike”, is the TCP/IP protocol the defects of the system is the implementation of the attack, and we can see this kind of principle.

In the TCP/IP protocol, the IP system to realize “the host” bag (or to host data reported) relay service.

The control message agreement is part Dell E4300 battery of the IP layer, but it need to use some IP services, so in the TCP/IP structure of the model, the ICMP and IP is located in the same layer, but the partial position.

ICMP’s main function is to communication between computers exchange control information, is mainly used to host communication error messages.

In the ICMP, there are three important control “and other types of news) :

The development of the Internet mainly in the following respects: will the nine network speed and capacity; Lu the content on the network; And information interaction mode; 9 and the human society fusion the degree to which and the ways.

(a) network speed and capacity

The network data transmission speed can use a professional vocabulary (the bandwidth Remember, said a mock” in fact we commonly used said the speed units is ^ 86000 (1 is representative of every second of data transmission network can double digits.

Remember: the vast majority of network data transmission is the serial, namely, in the signal on the network is an a in the network transmission lines.

With the popularity of the network and computer on data processing ability greatly raised, though the network transmission speed but than ever before has entered the BaiZhao, QianZhao era, but with video, audio, a large number of multimedia information online, the Internet seems to be in a “bandwidth at any time JiEZheng”. Even if the network technology development any faster, it seems like we always feel network speed can’t satisfy the requirements. This is Apple A8244 battery like the same requirements in computer.

The capacity of the network includes information storage capacity and can access the computer number

Network f through into the huge amounts of information era, multimedia data processing technology maturity and development of network storage put forward higher request, a digital movie the data can be equivalent to hundreds of novel data quantity. Mass of data also need the magnitude of the network storage device. About computer storage technology development, the company once gave a very appropriate evaluation, top think “hard drive manufacturer do very outstanding work”. By the end of 2006, or in the first half of 2007, 1000, (3 hard disk will get popular on the Internet. But the storage requirements in the far less still. Network capacity another meaning is the number of computers, namely access address space. We often say what? Yi six substitute 1 1? Yi 4 the main objective is to solve this problem.

Everybody remembered the address formats: this is 11 ^ 4. Example: 202.112.14.151 son.

In order to improve the speed and capacity of the Internet, the United States and other countries are launched by the next generation of the Internet, and the construction of the Internet now, compared to the next generation of the Internet will achieve more targets: 4

And faster than the next generation of the Internet: now network transmission speed increased 1 000 to 10 000 times;

And the more big: the next generation of the Internet will gradually Dell D420 battery give up 11  4, the opening address. 11 6

Agreement, so that, for limited I? The address will be infinite, big enough to give rich on the ball to every drop of sand equipped with an I? Address, so, your family every one of east west can be assigned a I? Address, real let digital life into reality;

And the more security: the trouble of computer network security hidden danger will be next generation of the Internet is effectively controlled, will not like this at a loss what to do.

(2) the content on the network and service

For audio, video and computer multimedia data processing, make the human society has entered into the multimedia era. As the network technology and the development of computer technology, the future of the network will into more multimedia data, and provide the more abundant service. Telephone, television, data communication and other “three nets fusion” or “many of the objectives of network convergence at present to do not exist already too many technical barriers.

Sum up, in the content and services, and the future of the Internet is Sony BPS3 battery shown as: the boxing depends on the development of the network bandwidth, more forms of multimedia data will enter the network;

network will provide more rich service form.

Host logo for each bit cannot “1″, if all bits for “1″, is the machine address is the broadcast address, rather than host address;

Host logo for each bit cannot “0″, if every bit as “0″, then said “only the network”, and on the web without any host.

Below is the most commonly used in several operating system as an example, the paper presents the check method IP address.

Windows 9X/Me

Use the mouse to choose to “start” a “program” a “ms-dos mode”, open a window, execute the command line DOS, IPconfig

Windows NT / 2000 / XP

Use the mouse to choose to “start” a “program” a “appendix” a “command prompt”, open a DOS command line window, executive: IPconfig

Unix/Linux

In the command-line input ifconfig under.

Because IP address is purely digital, more hard to HP Presario CQ36 battery remember. So, in the Internet domain name in general use to replace IP address. Domain names by several English letters (regardless of case:), digital or minus signs “-” composition, reoccupy decimal point “is divided into several parts.”. Domain name is adopt hierarchical structure, stockings according to geographic domain or institutions with the mapping layered, each level is separated, the decimal point will in turn from right to left as the highest domain name section two seeds, such as domain name section of a field, the most left for a host name. For example the host of the university of electronic science and technology domain name is: WWW. Uestc. Edu. Cn. As with IP address, domain name in the Internet world is only.

Domain is used to replace the Internet site with our special name, address, number of familiar similar. All the Internet addresses, such as web site, E-mail address is a domain name.

Domain name can be divided into three types:

Countries, such as cn top-level domains on behalf of the Chinese, au represented Australia; International top-level domains, int representative, with such as the world property organization for the domain name

http://www.wIPo.int;

Generic top-level domains, such as com representative business organization, org representative nonprofit organization, the representative government agencies, asp.net represents network services, education institutions, representing edu mil representative military institutions on behalf of the company, firm referred to a Microsoft representative trade enterprise, provides sales business, web represent the single bit deng chat services, to provide information service results-related areas represent rec representative entertainment unit, single throne, representing individuals nom, arts representative cultural entertainment unit. The DNS general Internet is static, namely a domain of the corresponding IP address is static, long-term constant. That is to say, if you want to build a website on the Internet, need has a fixed IP address. The function of dynamic DNS is real now fixed domain name to between dynamic IP addresses analytical. Each time the user Internet get new IP address later, installed on users of dynamic Dell Latitude D420 battery domain name in a computer software will put this IP address sent to dynamic DNS server, update DNS database. Others want to access the Internet on the domain name, dynamic DNS server returned are certainly IP address to him. Because most Internet users to surf the net assigned to IP addresses are dynamic, using the traditional static domain analytical method, user wants to put myself from Internet computer into a fixed domain website, is impossible. But with the dynamic domain name, this dream can come true. Users can apply for a domain name, the dynamic DNS, with the Internet domain name and his computer binding together, such can at home or companies build their own website, very convenient.

Network is how to connect?

Very clear is that will make the two network connected, there must be in two network connecting two computer, it is in this between two computers must have a cable (or cable, microwave, etc) constitutes a path. But simple cable connected couldn’t finish communication.

Connection between network and can in the network of packet transmission equipment called gateway, also called the Internet gateway. With the development of technology, connected network gage mode increase and gateway technology ihde, now called routers, this is the Internet of the main equipment.

Router’s task was to the computer networks 1 to 2 to the network needs to Dell 1520 battery send data packet transmission to correctly, also to network and the network of computers for two networks 1 data sent to correctly forwarding to network 1.

It looks simple, it seems only need to complete the following router work:

To be able to and two network connected;

To be able to receive two network packets;

Must be able to extract from packet address;

Want to know the destination address is in the bag networks 1 or network 2. But will appear this question:

If the network 1 and 2 of the computer network, the router can handle a lot? If the network 1 and network 2 data format is different, the router?

If there is a lot of network connected between need to find needed, routers can purpose?

To solve these problems, the router must have the following abilities:

Must have enough storage HP Presario v3000 battery space, storage network address;

Must have enough routing capabilities.

When the scale of the network is big enough, the structure of the Internet should be.

The router feet is constitute the main equipment, in Internet, each network within the Internet treasure-the are equal, each computer must belong to a network.

GeForce6200 mobile edition of core Numbers for NV44M V manufacturing process for 0.11 microns, the core 300MHz, manifested frequency of the frequency of the 600MHz, manifested bitwidth for 64bit, with 4 pixel rendering pipeline, 3 vertex rendering unit, pixel fill filling rate 1.20 G/s, texture resolution Textures filling rate for 2.4 G/s, the video memory bandwidth is 4.8 GB/s. Its use two-way PCI Express TurboCache framework of total line graph more high bandwidth, by allowing graphics chips (gpus) points enjoy special capacity and video memory bandwidth, can directly use the system memory for rendering. TurboCache manager (TCM) can dynamically allocate memory, thus maximize the performance of the system. TurboCache like a turbocharger and improve the entry-level PC performance, and for greater graphics memory space.

(4) GeForce Go 6600

NVidia after 62 issued after NV43 display based on nuclear heart Gefore 6600 Go, using MXMI interface, the use of the DDR3 video memory, capacity to 128MB, for 128Bit zenkoji bitwidth GBps memory bandwidth, 8 of the rendering pipeline, filling, rate of 3 million pixels/SEC, vertices for 300 million/SEC, RAMDACs 400MHz designed specifically for providing leading multimedia function, but without sacrificing portability mobile CPU. Compatible with the latest version Dell Inspiron 1300 battery DirectX 90. Shader is a Model 3.0, PureVideo technology, industry only face high qing multimedia content of embedded video processor. In the industry of this mobile GeForce Go 6,600 GPU evaluation of price is very high. 6600GPU responded with a launch, immediately by including acer, asus etc industry-leading OEM and ODM factory dealer’s favour. Using GeForce Go, and with more than 6,600, thin laptop computers without further in video and graphics performance square face made any sacrifice, to move the energy consumption of the display card nVIDIA control technology so far is arguably quite mature.

(5) GeForce Go 6,800

2004 officially released GeForce nVIDIA graphics chips sixth generation product: r&d code-named NV40 GeForce 6,800 series graphics chips, the world’s first paragraph support DX9.0 c graphics chips, it has great significance. And DX9 different, Direct X 9.0 c major is one of the Pixel Shader Vertex and by version 2.0 version of ascending to 3.0 edition. NV40 chip transistors 2.2 million, while more than 4 Pentium processor is EE only 1.78 million transistors. NV40 graphics chips still used by IBM 0.13 muon ChengSheng production system, it is still the FBGA encapsulation, but adopting advanced electric road redundant technology to improve the yield of product. In the core working frequency, a little backwards, for example NV40 even GeForce 6,800 the mk-ultra, its core frequency also only 400MHz but the frequency of the influence is not big, 6,800 Picasso unexpectedly NV40 framework far more advanced.

(6) Geforce ‘73

NVIDIA Geforce ‘73 is not very strong, this kind of display card is to launch the significance of mobile video card GPU will enter 90nm phase, and Geforce Go 7 series display card is a times technology promote products, it can make your laptop to achieve optimal performance experience, the most important is to optimize the power consumption, make using Geforce Go 7 series graphics laptop can achieve more long battery life. Thus nVIDIA first step launched TOSHIBA Satellite M100 battery based on PCI – E interface technology of the second generation of mobile video card products. Using PCI – E ‘73 technology, based on the latest interface G72M core, 64-bit video memory interface, 5.6 GB/s memory bandwidth, using PCI – E x16 interface, core frequency for 400MHz, video memory. 700MHz frequency reach DDR Pixel filling rate for 14 million pixels per second per second, produce 2.6 billion summits.

GeForce ‘73 has 4 pipeline and three vertices with color units, faster than two pipeline GeForce Go 62 much faster. Should say GeForce ‘73 is GeForce Go 62 of upgrade version, but relative to grade positioning GeForce Go 62 speaking, various aspects have obvious carry litre, but also adopted independent 64M / 64bit manifested as adopted particles, TurboCache technology, but based on the above ascension, in 3D performance will be better. Based on the PowerMizer 6.0 after lifting technology, can significantly delay long notebook computer batteries work time, and maximize reduce calorific value. GeForce ‘73 also adopted the new generation nVIDIA CineFX 4.0 engine and many designed for GeForce Go 7 series improved nVIDIA unique skill resection. In addition, some nice SLI technology (656 also support the double card).

(7) GeForce 7600 Go

GeForce 7600 ‘has eight pixel shader processor (PS), 5 vertex shader processor (VS), 8 rasterization operation processor (ROP), 8 tmus (TMU), 128 – bit video memory controller, pixel filling rate for 360 million/SEC, vertex filling rate of 5.5 billion/SEC, using 90mm craft production, support PureVideo, PowerMizer SM 3.0, 6.0, TurboCatch techniques. Notebook vendor will Go up the core / 7,600 manifested as 450/1000MHz frequency. GeForce 7600 power lies in its Go to the power consumption of control system. As a result of the 90 nanometres core manufacturing process, and discusses the DDR2 memory, itself will be greatly reduced. Due to the use of technology, PowerMizer 6.0 7,600 in wen word processing power when it is more ideal. 76 to send heat IBM Thinkpad X60t battery and noise control is very ideal, far better than 6600 X700, ‘wait generation of products, of course, or in X1600 etc graphics CARDS.

(1) uncover scanners, then cover book face downward into the scanner. Click the [] scanner SCAN button, at this time will pop up according to select applications [] dialog box, if computers have installed the software, but in Photoshop [registered application] list box to select [Photoshop] options.

(2) click ok “button will start Photoshop Adobe Photoshop] [program open window, also will open [ScanGear CS -u] window.

3 click “preview (P)” button to start the preview into scanner scanner cover effect, at this time will books keep prompt the user documentation cover closed.

4 seconds after the system will be in [ScanGear CS -u] window shows book cover preview effect.

5 now can find books are not put the position, need adjustment whole once. Therefore open scanner cover and properly attune the whole book position, then click “preview (P)” button to preview its effect. Users can also change to scan images of the modes such as image type, color mode, the resolution and paper size etc.

6 set finished click “scan (S)” button, then system will pop Dell Inspiron 500M battery up a tip boxes, prompt the user of the scanning process must keep text block cover the closed position.

7 then will open [are] scanning… Clew box, and shows the progress of the scanning.

7 in [Adobe Photoshop scanning completion] window will show book cover scans effect. At this time window menu bar in all menu items are not available.

9 ScanGear CS -u closed [], [Adobe Photoshop window] window of each menu will become are often state. Users can in the images further editor. Edit finished click [file storage for]] – [menu item open [storage for] dialog box, finally put the pictures in the right position can be preserved.

3. Projectors,

At work, use projectors rhizosphere and carry out various slide presentation is inevitable, such not only can make big and clear considered picture, still can make the whole process is more vivid, effective demo.

(1) connected projector

Projector use method is simpler, and use external display device similar, only needs to be connected to the notebook VGA output interface, and then in 8108 in or through function key combination ([Fn] + [F4 ", "Fn] + [F5] or other) set notebook screen and VGA interface also shows that can.

Here in the HP Compaq laptops and Toshiba Presario v30009TU TDP – T30 data projectors, for example, this TOSHIBA Satellite Pro A100 battery paper introduces laptop computers and the method of connecting the projector.

Concrete operating procedure is as follows.

(1) going to use projectors, ready, and prepare required matchs pieces, such as the power cord, RGB cable (connection laptops and projectors use), including RGB cable two VGA interface is the same.

(2) find laptop corresponding VGA interface.

(3) will any other VGA cable RGB interface insert into the VGA laptop computer interface.

4 will another interface insert into projector corresponding COMPUTER 1 interface (note: there are two interfaces behind the projector, respectively is 1 and 2 COMPUTER interface, user can choose according to need any of them an interface).

5 this notebook and projector is connected together.

(2) use projector

Will projectors and notebook computers after connection can use cast shadow apparatus.

(1) the power connector confirmation will be inserted into the projector hosts AC IN power socket, and IN the power of the interpolation head will insert metope or other places within the power socket.

2 in turn on the power before the lens unloaded projector lens cover, otherwise lens cap set above may because of be heated and deformation.

3 in the rear panel projectors, open ON IBM Thinkpad X60 battery the main source switch, when the host operating panel [ON] instructions parade into orange, says into a standby mode.

4 click the host operating panel [ON/STANDBY "button. The electricity, [ON]] and [[technologies, FAN] the three instructions parade into green.

5 wait a moment will appear starting frame.

6 the appropriate adjustment lens Angle, make broadcast picture to pitch projection screen right in the middle. Then press the power switch on laptops, restart Windows operating system, then notebook on the LCD panel will also show the pictures to cast shadow panel.

7 will projectors and laptop computers connected completely, open a using PowerPoint making slides, then choose holding [view] – [slide show "menu items, or directly by press [F5" button can be demo slides.

As laptop computers connected to the already open projectors, but can't show laptop screen, can be used first projector remote control computer signals search cables; If you still no fish with thing, it is probably laptop display mode type Settings have problems. This happened, you need to pass over BIOS setup or through hotkeys switching (different brand notebook PC its switch is different also. Such as HP hotkey notes this computer is [Fn] + [F4] key combination, Dell laptop computer is [10] Fn] [F8 key combination, etc.) will remember this computer Settings for pen "notebook and projectors displayed" mode.

(3) close projector

Demo finish slide projector closed after the specific steps as follows.

(1) under the shadow Lord Sang for granted instrument panel [ON/STANDBY] button, at this time will appear ON the screen really wanted to shutdown tips.

2 main operation panel click ON [ON/STANDBY "button, the main operation panel ON the [] indicator light (green technologies color) flickered ON, [ON] the lights turned orange, [FAN] for green, now still indicator light bulb began to enter into the cooling period. In this condition cannot new processing power.

(3) dream of [] indicator extinguished, after technologies projectors, internal cooling fans will still continue to roll over a period of time, to keep the device inside the waste heat dispersion out, then [FAN] indicator light (green) and [ON] indicator will still lights (orange). In this condition if time is not allowed, can midway power plug

Head from the wall-socket plucked or shut off the main power switch, but best not to do so. 4 when [FAN] indicator went after cooling namely end projector into standby (right now [ON] the lights are still orange), where you can close the mains switch or person unplugged the power cord safely shut down.

Compared with the ordinary widescreen LCD LCD, the resolution can achieve higher. Current main household LCD resolution for almost all 1280x 1024, while the resolution of some widescreen LCD has reached 1680x 10.5 (17 inches) and 1920x 1200 (19 inches).

Because of film and television broadcast widescreen LCD is mainly used for surface, its pay more attention to painting colors and contrast performance, usually such displays are adopted the 16.7 M color LCD panel, in colour lifelike simultaneous often also can reach more than 170 degrees viewing angles. In addition, production widescreen more can save LCD panel. Production standard LCD cannot be fully utilized, and finish LCD panel widescreen can well Dell Inspiron 1300 battery solve the problem.

(4) widescreen notebook disadvantages

At present the widescreen notebook has gradually obtained the market recognition, but relative to ordinary notebook computer is still has some shortcomings.

(1) the price position too high

The manufacturers are widescreen as new profit growth point, so at present although notebook computer price overall has quickly under the trend, but fell widescreen notebook price position in accordance with natural generally is quite high. Prices are widescreen laptop win the biggest obstacle to consumers.

(2) mobile performance to ascend

On market at present most widescreen display a laptop screen size in 15 inches above, consumer heart has shaped into a concept: “widescreen laptop computers are big and heavy”. Firms in design widescreen notebook computer, mostly with a “desktop computers substitute machine” for pursuit, making a plan out product getting heavier. But in fact, is to design a thinner lighter widescreen laptop computers.

(3) entertainment selling point is limited

Although on visual effect has some advantages, but widescreen in sound effects and 3D shows many deficiencies still exist.

4 business expansion fatigue

Now business users to market is still the biggest market, notebook computer swarming to let widescreen laptop preempted consumer notebook computer market lop-sided. Widescreen laptop should use its own advantages strengthen commercial properties, used to satisfy that some suffer from the screen size not enough people on business. In use comfortable degrees of ascension, also can win the favour of business affairs personage. By entertainment trends and business, the fusion of widescreen notebook computer is thriving collectivly.

Will5 widescreen notebook computer market and the development tendency

Since the 2003 benq launched the first paragraph widescreen notebook after many notebook manufacturers are introduced a widescreen notebook, this is the end result of market segmentation. Judging from the notebook development direction, the past is stress constantly improve the performance of Toshiba Satellite L100 battery the product, and the emergence of widescreen notebook will focus shifted to the consumption of the use of experience up, therefore they are consumer huan meet.

Numerous manufacturers to join the camp makes widescreen notebook, now increasingly powerful widescreen notebook size are no longer limited to had emerged 15.4 inch, the small to 12.1 inches, big to 17 inches, can saying is everything. Products increased continuously. Also including gradually changed the widescreen notebook 3000ibs short, weight big shortcoming, make widescreen notebook also can do a small frivolous, performance is strong. Despite the current high-performance widescreen notebook computer price phase when high, but the cost is short.whten widescreen, even lower in ordinary screen, so with the passage of time, manufacturing technology maturity, depreciate space largest and 16×9 widescreen notebook. Thousands of dollars in the market at present is ordinary notebook still hold on the main market share, but widescreen notebook market share has been more and more large, and continues to increase. With the future of digital television began in succession, he display ratio will will be awarded more users’ attention. It can be foreseen widescreen notes this will gain more and more consumer recognition, widescreen notebook will become the mainstream entertainment with a laptop. At present, the widescreen notebook computer still exist many problems, such as original notebook computer is born just the same. After a long time, after the exploration widescreen notebook computer is gradually mature widescreen will notebook computer, the future trend of development.

4. LCD screen and bad points

Bad point is seriously affect LCD visual effect flaws, but generally it is difficult to avoid LCD screen appear such flaws, a LCD screen and how much is the bad point weigh the LCD panel if they are qualified and outstanding important parameters.

LCD bad point say again, it is to point to point absence in the display on the LCD panel black and white and dichromatic and red, yellow, blue color next shows sub-pixel dots, each point refers to a child pixels. LCD fear most is bad points. One and appear bad point, then whatever screen displayed image how, display a point is to show the same kind of eternal far color.

This “bad point” is beyond repair, only replacing the entire comp – uter screen to be able to solve the problem. Bad point can be roughly divided into two groups, including dark bad point is that no matter how content screen display change cannot showing the contents of the “black spots”, and the most annoying is that as long as the boot after have existed window. To date, liquid crystal mesh before technology development to now, still cannot from the root this on to overcome the defects.

So bad point is how to arise? Notebook LCD comp – uter screen by two glass structure, thick about 1 millimeter, the middle one is thick about 5 microns (1/1000 mm) crystal droplets are evenly spacing, was separated, contained in tiny cell structure, every 3 cell constitute a pixel on the screen. The magnifying glass showed pane shape, a pixel is namely a glowing. Each lightspot have independent transistors to control its current intensity. If accepts the transistor broken, it will cause in power and dispatch, supply condition, LCD cannot normal do rotatory polarizing for industry, and make the liquid crystal in black backlighting condition presents the black bright point permanent bright state is called window, if vice in all white backlighting shape condition present constant dark namely called dark spots. This is mentioned in the window or the dark spots, collectively referred to as “bad points. According to industry standards, as long as “bad point” is not too much, just default this is a “normal” phenomenon. Notebook computer appear a certain number of window or the dark spots LCD technology is a characteristic, for any manufacturer, this phenomenon is inevitable. Some manufacturer that IBM Thinkpad T40 battery the dark spots on the LCD panel and points total to more than nine, some big feet inch computer screen even more than 16, just can be maintained deposit in question. So if the user’s LCD screen and noticed some bad point, manufacturer is generally not be commitment liable, a few the all notebook computer all dealers met requirements for goods or to replace the LCD screen for users. According to the bad point number to measure LCD level? According to the Japanese standards, generally recognized three bad points below for grade A qualification, According to Korea standard, generally recognized 5 bad points below for grade A qualification, According to China’s Taiwan’s standard accurate, generally recognized eight bad points below for grade A qualification, According to the division standard, generally recognized as A bad points below 0 for AA qualified, three bad points below for grade A qualification.

Since the bad point hard to repair, so in using a laptop computer must be properly used, to avoid bad point of generation, first in using a notebook, must avoid long boot work, more cannot long time to show the same face, so that it can easily make LCD accelerated aging, prompting bad point formation.

Secondly daily of using notebook computer is best to avoid screen carted off, do not use corruption candle sex liquid loading screen, don’t wipe in laptop bag is placed above weight, do not force clap screen, with water to screen for when wiping wants as far as possible will twist dry cloth.

First, it is an effective alternative energy sources. Small size of nuclear fuel high energy, nuclear chemistry is greater than a few hundred times. 1 kg of uranium -235 release energy equivalent to 2700 tons of standard coal, the energy released. A one million kilowatts of large-scale thermal power plants, coal 3 million per year? 4 million tons, transport the coal trains need to 2760, equivalent to eight trains a day, but also removed 40 million tons ash, but with the power of the pressure water reactor nuclear power plant, only a year of uranium consumption was 3 at -235. 28 tons of low enriched uranium fuel than coal-fired power station to save a lot of manpower and resources. In addition, coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels, are also a valuable chemical raw material, can be used to create all kinds of synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, plastics, dyes, medicines, so burning them is very unfortunate. Nuclear fuel for alternative energy, conventional energy saving, and used in other industries. The beneficial uses of uranium on humans is only one, that is as fuel for nuclear reactors. So much for alternative energy with the nuclear fuel is in line with “best use” principle.

Second, environmental pollution. Most of the current environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuel combustion will release a lot of smoke, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides. Caused by the harmful gases such as carbon dioxide a “greenhouse effect”, could see temperatures rise, will cause abnormal weather, speed up the process of land desertification, to the devastating social and economic impact of sustainable development. Nuclear power plant emissions of these harmful substances is not and will not cause the “greenhouse effect.” Nuclear power plant set up layers of barriers, the “dirty” things are hidden in the “belly”, essentially no emissions pollute the environment, is the radioactive contamination is much smaller than coal-fired power station. According to statistics, when the normal operation Dell Inspiron 1570 battery of nuclear power plants a year to residents of the radioactive impact, less than an X-ray absorbed dose.

Third, cost-effective, low cost of electricity. Countries in the world have nuclear power for many years statistics show that, although capital investment in nuclear power plants than coal-fired power plants, thermal power plants are generally the same double-half to two times, but the cost of fuel it uses cheaper than coal much maintenance costs run less than thermal power plants, so an integrated view, nuclear power plants generate electricity cheaper than fossil fuel plants is much lower, at present, 20% -50% lower.

Fourth, the nuclear energy for sustainable development. Had the world’s proven reserves of about 5 million tons of uranium, thorium reserves of about 2.75 million tons. The human use of fossil fuels sufficient to the fusion era. Fusion fuel is mainly deuterium and lithium, deuterium content of water in about 0.034 g / l, it is estimated that the total amount of water on Earth is about 13.8 billion 100 million cubic meters, in which deuterium is about 40 trillion tons of reserves; Earth lithium reserves more than 2000 million tons of lithium used to make deuterium, adequate use of human beings in the fusion era. At the present level of world energy consumption, the earth for nuclear fusion of deuterium and tritium atoms can be hundreds of billions of years for human use. Therefore, some energy experts believe that as long as the settlement of the nuclear fusion technology, humans will fundamentally solve the energy problem.

Use of nuclear energy is safe use of nuclear power generation, the most worrying issue is safety. Many of the concerns are mostly caused by the following two events. One said, in August 1945 6 and 9 say, the U.S. military in Nagasaki, two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, destroying the two said, the city, killed and injured many people. Added the “Cold War” hype, causing people to nuclear terror. Second, in March 1979, the U.S. Three Mile Island nuclear power plant of a nuclear leak case; 1986 years ago the Soviet Union, Chernobyl nuclear leakage accident occurred, greatly increasing the awareness of nuclear energy in worries, a lot of people talk Ideapad Y650A battery about nuclear discoloration.

However, the situation half a century to prove the use of nuclear energy, the use of nuclear energy is safe. From the structure of nuclear reactor facilities and safety point of view, there are four nuclear power plant safety barrier. In the light water reactor nuclear power stations, to prevent leakage of radioactive material, people set up four nuclear power plant safety barrier.

The first security barrier a fuel pellet. Nuclear fission of radioactive material remain in more than 98% uranium dioxide ceramic pellets.

A second security barrier fuel cladding. Little finger a big stack of fuel pellets packed in zirconium alloy tube, the tube sealed.

Composition of the fuel rod components. Zirconium tube generally referred to as fuel element cladding tubes, it can produce the fissile nuclear fuel, radioactive material sealed housing, to prevent their entry into the water loop.

The third security barrier a pressure vessel (reactor coolant pressure boundary). Posed by the nuclear fuel core enclosed in wall thickness of 20 cm of steel pressure vessel, pressure vessel and the loop is high pressure, the radioactive material will not leak to the reactor plant in the.

Fourth Road safety containment barrier 11. Reactor Building (Secure Shell) is a tall prestressed concrete structure, wall thickness of about 1 meter, plus the inner surface of 6 mm thick steel liner, good sealing performance, can prevent radiation into the environment. A circuit device are installed here. Containment also have safety injection system, containment spray system, cool down the system, air purification and cooling systems. Containment can withstand extreme accidents caused by sharp increase in internal pressure and temperature, can withstand tornadoes, earthquakes and other natural disasters, can withstand external shocks, such as aircraft crash impact.

In addition, the design is always to the reactor inherently stable, that is, when the nuclear energy release is too fast, the reactor temperature rises too high, the reaction will be reduced or even stopped on their own. Therefore, the reactor in any case, even Apple MacBook 13 inch A1278 battery if out of control or core damage, fission reaction will automatically stop, can not happen like an atomic bomb like explosions.

However, the nuclear power plant is also the problem of radioactive pollution, such as uranium mining and melting in the discharge of waste water emissions from the operation of nuclear power plants and waste, nuclear fuel reprocessing and the “waste” disposal emissions, effluents and waste. These problems have long attracted people’s attention, as long as the strict management, these problems are difficult to solve.

Solar cells in the late 20th century and the beginning of 30, 40 years into applied research. March 17, 1958 the United States launched the “Vanguard No. 1″ satellite, the first time single crystal silicon solar cells as the spacecraft power. After 60 years, the world’s variety of satellites, spacecraft and planetary stations, mainly by solar power, its power is growing. At present, solar power as a special low-power, already in the lighthouse, beacon, microwave relay stations, electric fences, railway signals, TV transmission, television receivers, no weather stations, cathodic protection and pumping metal excited and so pour widely available , and now forward the development of high-power applications. According to statistics, 90 in the mid 20th century, the world’s 100-kilowatt solar power plant has more than many of the dozens.

Application of solar cells solar energy use one of the fastest growing technology, but currently affecting a large number of key issues to promote the use of the equipment cost is too high. Scientists are striving to reduce costs, to create conditions to promote the use of solar cells.

The main application of solar cells on the ground in the following areas.

1. Beacon light beacon is the sea and inland navigation in the navigation facilities. Use of solar power for beacon light is better, solar cell to charge the battery during the day and night to the navigation light battery power.

2. Railway signaling, automatic automatic barrier, lighting, communications and other Lenovo G410 battery railway facilities can use the solar cell, also the sun to the solar battery charging during the day, day and night to provide railway facilities are solar power.

3. TV transmission in many remote towns, mountains, islands, not easy to receive TV launch

Signals for television to be broadcast by means of, and relay to choose in the mountains above. But here are without power, then can use solar powered, no officer guard, can automatically start and stop, broadcast quality is also good.

4. Communication power field investigation, military barracks, weather stations, seismic survey, as well as rural areas

Telephone and long distance carrier microwave communications, can use solar power.

5. Black light

This is a device similar to fluorescent tubes, it sends the wavelength of the most luring moths, moths to the light to impinge upon, and then flooded with high-voltage electric shock method or methods to kill moths. In plant protection, the eradication of pests such method is known as the physical control. In the forest or farmland, the installation package of solar powered charging device to charge the battery during the day by solar cells, night black light from compaq 6730s/CT battery the photoelectric switch automatically open, like beacon lights, like, say off the night light for killing insects as moths contribution.

6. Optoelectronics pump

Provided by the solar electricity to drive pumps, the current international community is increasingly being used in this way for water. Optical pumps operating in the sun, no sun stop. Irrigation, water pumps can be used photoelectric.